数学各种术语的英文缩写

Mathematical Terms and Their English Abbreviations

Mathematics is a discipline filled with specialized terms, many of which have widely recognized abbreviations. Below is a categorized list of common mathematical terms and their corresponding English abbreviations.

1. Basic Mathematical Operations

• Addition: The operation of combining two or more numbers to find their total.

  • Abbreviation: Add. (though rarely abbreviated in practice, it's sometimes used in notes or informal contexts)

• Subtraction: The operation of taking one number away from another.

  • Abbreviation: Sub. (similarly, not commonly abbreviated)

• Multiplication: The operation of scaling one number by another.

  • Abbreviation: Mult. or × (the symbol × is often used instead of a written abbreviation)

• Division: The operation of splitting a number into equal parts.

  • Abbreviation: Div. or ÷ (the symbol ÷ is commonly used)

2. Algebraic Terms

• Equation: A statement that asserts the equality of two expressions.

  • Abbreviation: Eq. or eqn.

• Variable: A symbol that represents an unknown or changing quantity.

  • Abbreviation: Var.

• Constant: A fixed value that does not change.

  • Abbreviation: Const.

• Coefficient: A numerical or constant quantity placed before and multiplying the variable in an algebraic expression.

  • Abbreviation: Coeff.

• Function: A relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs.

  • Abbreviation: Func. or f(x) (where f represents the function and x the input)

3. Geometric Terms

• Triangle: A polygon with three edges and three vertices.

  • Abbreviation: Tri. (though more commonly referred to by its full name)

• Rectangle: A quadrilateral with four right angles.

  • Abbreviation: Rect.

• Circle: A shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the center.

  • Abbreviation: Circ.

• Angle: The figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle.

  • Abbreviation: Ang.

• Area: The quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape.

  • Abbreviation: A (often used in formulas, e.g., A = πr² for the area of a circle)

4. Calculus Terms

• Derivative: A measure of how a function changes as its input changes.

  • Abbreviation: Deriv. or d/dx (the latter is a notation for the derivative with respect to x)

• Integral: A mathematical object that can be interpreted as an area or a generalization of area.

  • Abbreviation: Int. or ∫ (the symbol ∫ is used to denote integration)

• Limit: The value that a function approaches as the input approaches some value.

  • Abbreviation: Lim.

• Series: The sum of the terms of a sequence.

  • Abbreviation: Ser.

5. Probability and Statistics Terms

• Probability: The measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

  • Abbreviation: Prob.

• Mean: The average of a set of numbers.

  • Abbreviation: Mean (though not typically abbreviated, it's sometimes referred to as μ in statistics for the population mean)

• Median: The middle value in a list of numbers.

  • Abbreviation: Med.

• Mode: The value that appears most frequently in a data set.

  • Abbreviation: Mod.

• Standard Deviation: A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.

  • Abbreviation: SD or σ (for population standard deviation)

6. Advanced Mathematical Terms

• Matrix: A rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns.

  • Abbreviation: Mat. (though more commonly referred to by its full name)

• Vector: A quantity having direction as well as magnitude, especially as determining the position of one point in space relative to another.

  • Abbreviation: Vec.

• Tensor: A mathematical object that represents a generalization of vectors and matrices and can be used to describe linear relations between vectors, scalars, and other tensors.

  • Abbreviation: Tens. (though less commonly abbreviated)

This list provides a comprehensive overview of common mathematical terms and their abbreviations, covering basic operations, algebra, geometry, calculus, probability and statistics, and advanced mathematical concepts. Understanding these abbreviations can enhance efficiency in reading and writing mathematical texts.