disrepair是什么意思

disrepair是什么意思

disrepair的基础含义

核心释义:作为不可数名词,disrepair的英文释义为“the state of being in bad condition because of lack of care or repair”,中文常译为“失修;破败;年久失修”,用来描述建筑物、设施、物品等因长期缺乏维护修缮而处于破损、衰败的状态。

常见搭配与用法

与介词搭配

  • in disrepair:这是最常用的搭配,意为“处于失修状态”,用来描述主体当前的破败状况。例:The old castle has been in disrepair for decades, with its walls crumbling and windows broken.(这座古老的城堡已经失修几十年了,墙壁剥落,窗户破碎。)
  • fall into disrepair:表示“逐渐破败;渐渐失修”,强调一个从完好到破损的过程。例:After the factory closed down, its equipment and buildings quickly fell into disrepair.(工厂倒闭后,其设备和建筑很快就破败了。)

与动词搭配

  • fall into disrepair:上文已提及,侧重过程。此外还可以用“be reduced to disrepair”,表达“沦落到失修的地步”,带有一定的惋惜语气。例:Once a grand mansion, the house was reduced to disrepair after years of neglect by its owners.(这座曾经宏伟的宅邸,在主人多年的疏忽照料后沦落到破败不堪的地步。)

近义词与反义词辨析

近义词

  • dilapidation:同样指建筑或物品因年久失修而破损、坍塌的状态,和disrepair语义相近,但dilapidation更强调破损的严重程度,常用来描述接近坍塌的建筑。例:The dilapidation of the old church made it unsafe for visitors.(这座古老教堂的严重破败使得游客无法安全进入。)
  • ruin:除了表示“毁灭;废墟”,也可指事物因缺乏维护而衰败的状态,相比disrepair,ruin的语义更重,强调彻底的毁坏。例:The storm left the coastal town in ruin, with most buildings beyond repair.(风暴过后,这座沿海小镇沦为一片废墟,大多数建筑都无法修复。)

反义词

  • good repair:表示“状态良好;维修完好”,是disrepair的直接反义表达。例:Thanks to regular maintenance, the historic building is still in good repair.(多亏了定期维护,这座历史建筑仍然状态良好。)
  • well-maintained:作为形容词短语,用来形容事物被精心维护,处于完好状态,和disrepair描述的状态完全相反。例:The park is well-maintained, with clean paths and blooming flowers all year round.(这座公园维护得很好,常年步道整洁、鲜花盛开。)

实际应用场景

描述建筑与设施

在讨论城市老建筑、乡村民居或公共设施时,disrepair是常用词汇。例:The local government has allocated funds to renovate the schools that were in disrepair.(当地政府已经拨款翻新那些失修的学校。)

象征用法

disrepair也可用于抽象事物的比喻,表示规则、制度、关系等处于混乱、衰败的状态。例:The country's healthcare system fell into disrepair after years of underfunding and mismanagement.(经过多年的资金不足和管理不善,这个国家的医疗体系陷入混乱衰败的状态。)